Residential soil testing consists of two different types of investigations. These are Site Classifications and Land Capability Assessments or LCAs. Councils will require a Site Classification for all new residential developments. A Land Capability Assessment will also be required for new developments on an unsewered allotment.

Site Classifications are undertaken to assess the site and provide a classification in accordance with AS2870. The site classification includes assessing the soil at the site along with other features such as topography, vegetation and even other structures. This is to ensure the correct footings are designed so that they can withstand the potential movement of the soil and restrict damage to the building in the future.

Land Capability Assessments (LCAs) are conducted on unsewered sites. LCAs are conducted to assess the site and soils capability of handling the wastewater generated by the occupants of the site. The assessments can be tailored for and give recommendations on both septic and secondary wastewater treatment systems.